What Are the Side Effects of Uterine Fibroid Embolization?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around your uterus, often causing symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, frequent urination, or even infertility. For women seeking a minimally invasive treatment option, uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) offers a highly effective solution. The UFE procedure involves injecting tiny particles into the blood vessels supplying your fibroids, cutting off their blood flow and causing them to shrink.

UFE is a proven and safe alternative to more invasive surgeries like hysterectomy, but like any medical procedure, it has potential side effects. Understanding the side effects of uterine fibroid embolization can help you prepare and manage them effectively, ensuring a smoother recovery. At Vein Doctor for Women, we provide comprehensive care throughout your treatment.

Common Uterine Fibroid Embolization Side Effects

The uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) procedure is generally well-tolerated, but you may experience some common side effects as part of the recovery process. These effects are temporary and typically subside within a few days or weeks.

• Pelvic Pain and Cramping: After the UFE procedure, you may feel moderate to severe pelvic pain or cramping as your fibroids shrink. This occurs because the fibroids lose their blood supply, leading to inflammation. Pain management typically involves prescribed medications like anti-inflammatories or mild narcotics. Applying heat packs to the affected area can also provide relief. It’s essential to rest during the initial days of recovery to minimize discomfort.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or sluggish after uterine fibroid embolization is common. Your body is working hard to recover and adjust to the changes caused by the procedure. Fatigue is typically most noticeable in the first week and gradually improves as you regain strength. Staying hydrated, eating nutrient-rich foods, and prioritizing sleep can accelerate recovery.
• Low-Grade Fever: A mild fever is a natural response to inflammation following UFE embolization. It indicates your body is healing. This fever is generally temporary and can be managed with over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen. However, if your fever persists or exceeds 101°F, contact your doctor, as it may indicate an infection.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Nausea or vomiting may occur due to the medications used during the UFE procedure or as a reaction to pain. This side effect is temporary and can be managed with anti-nausea medications prescribed by your doctor. Consuming small, bland meals and staying hydrated also help alleviate symptoms.
• Spotting or Vaginal Discharge: You may experience light vaginal spotting or discharge for several weeks after uterine fibroid embolization. This happens as the fibroids shrink and your body expels the remaining tissue. Using sanitary pads instead of tampons during this time is recommended to avoid infection. If the bleeding becomes heavy, consult your doctor promptly.

Rare Uterine Fibroid Embolization Side Effects

While rare, some women may experience less common side effects following UFE fibroids treatment. Knowing these helps you seek prompt medical attention if needed.

• Infection: Post-procedure infections are rare but can occur, particularly if bacteria enter the blood vessels during the fibroid embolization process. Signs of infections include a high fever, chills, or worsening pain. Infections are typically treated with antibiotics, but in severe cases, further medical intervention may be required.
• Allergic Reaction to the Contrast Dye: During the uterine fibroid embolization procedure, a contrast dye is used to guide the placement of embolization particles. Some patients may experience an allergic reaction to this dye, leading to a rash, itching, or difficulty breathing. This is extremely rare, but if you have a history of allergies to contrast materials, inform your doctor beforehand to prevent complications.
• Unintended Embolization of Nearby Vessels: In very rare cases, the embolization particles may block blood flow to unintended areas. However, experienced specialists, such as those at Vein Doctor for Women, use advanced imaging techniques to minimize this risk.

Tips to Manage the Side Effects of UFE Embolization

Proactively managing uterine fibroid embolization side effects ensures a smoother recovery. Here are some practical tips:

• Follow Your Doctor’s Instructions: Adhering to post-procedure guidelines provided by your doctor is essential. This may include taking prescribed medications, avoiding strenuous activities, and attending follow-up appointments.
• Stay Hydrated and Eat Well: Proper hydration and a balanced diet of vitamins and minerals support your body’s healing process after UFE embolization. Foods high in iron and protein can also help replenish your energy levels, particularly if you’ve experienced blood loss.
• Manage Pain with Heat Therapy: Applying a heating pad to your lower abdomen can relieve cramping and discomfort after the uterine fibroid embolization procedure. Heat therapy also improves blood circulation and eases muscle tension.

Uterine fibroid embolization is a safe, minimally invasive procedure with manageable side effects. While some common and rare side effects may occur, they are typically temporary and treatable with proper care. Understanding the long-term side effects of fibroid embolization empowers you to make informed decisions about your health. At Vein Doctor for Women, we provide personalized guidance and support throughout your treatment. Contact us to request free insurance verification, or visit your nearest clinic to learn more about the UFE procedure.